• COMPOSITION OF AQUEOUS FLUID COEXISTING WITH MANTLE MINERALS AT HIGH PRESSURE AND ITS BEARING ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE EARTH'S MANTLE 

  Mibe K.; Fujii T.; Yasuda A. (2002)

  In order to understand the role of aqueous fluid on the differentiation of the mantle, the compositions of aqueous fluids coexisting with mantle minerals were investigated in the system MgO-SiO2-H2O at pressures of 3 to ...
• PKP TRAVEL TIMES AT NEAR ANTIPODAL DISTANCES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INNER CORE ANISOTROPY AND LOWERMOST MANTLE STRUCTURE 

  Sun X.; Song X. (2002)

  Previous studies from PKP(AB–DF) differential travel times at large distances suggest that the central part of the inner core is very anisotropic. These differential times, however, can be affected greatly by strong ...
• PRODUCTION OF SELECTED COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES BY MUONS: 2. CAPTURE OF NEGATIVE MUONS 

  Heisinger B.; Knie K.; Nolte E.; Lal D.; Jull A.J.T.; Kubik P.; Ivy-Ochs S. (2002)

  We have determined the production yields for radionuclides in Al2O3, SiO2, S, Ar, K2SO4, CaCO3, Fe, Ni and Cu targets, which were irradiated with slow negative muons at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Villigen (Switzerland). ...
• METAMORPHIC CONTROLS ON SEISMIC VELOCITY OF SUBDUCTED OCEANIC CRUST AT 100-250 KM DEPTH 

  Connolly J.A.D.; Kerrick D.M. (2002)

  Most circum-Pacific subduction zones at 100–250 km depth contain layers in which seismic velocities are ca. 5% slower than in the adjacent mantle. We compute seismic velocities from thermodynamic data for equilibrium ...
• EXPERIMENTAL SILICATE MINERAL/MELT PARTITION COEFFICIENTS FOR BERYLLIUM AND THE CRUSTAL BE CYCLE FROM MIGMATITE TO PEGMATITE 

  Evensen J.M.; London D. (2002)

  Partition coefficients (DBemineral/melt) for beryllium between hydrous granitic melt and alkali feldspars, plagioclase feldspars, quartz, dark mica, and white mica were determined by experiment at 200 MPa H2O as a function ...
• ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF SYNTHETIC FLUORAPATITE: PART I. LOCAL STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENT AND SUBSTITUTION MECHANISM OF GD3+ AT THE CA2 SITE 

  Chen N.; Pan Y.; Weil J.A. (2002)

  Gd-doped fluorapatite (1.2 +/- 0.2 wt% Gd2O3), synthesized from CaF2-rich melts, has been investigated as single crystals and powder samples by using X-band (similar to9.4 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) ...
• GLACIER MELTWATER HYDROCHEMISTRY 

  Brown G.H. (2002)

  Glacierised areas present an ideal environment in which to study water-rock interaction, since chemical weathering rates are high and anthropogenic impacts are often minimal. Detailed investigations of meltwater quality ...
• SYNTHESIS OF BERYLLIAN SAPPHIRINE IN THE SYSTEM MGO-BEO-AL2O3-SIO2-H2O AND COMPARISON WITH NATURALLY OCCURRING BERYLLIAN SAPPHIRINE AND KHMARALITE. PART 1: EXPERIMENTS, TEM, AND XRD 

  Christy A.G.; Tabira Y.; Hölscher A.; Grew E.S.; Schreyer W. (2002)

  Beryllian sapphirine Mg4−xAl4+x[Al4+x−2yBeySi2−x+yO18]O2 has been synthesized from starting compositions with y ≤ 1 at x = 0 and y ≤ 0.5 at x = 0.5, P = 0.1–1.3 GPa, T = 700–1350 °C. Electron diffraction shows the sapphirines ...
• THE CONTROL OF LITHIUM BUDGETS IN ISLAND ARCS 

  Tomascak P.B.; Goldstein S.L.; Widom E.; Benton L.D.; Ryan J.G. (2002)

  Measurements of the Li isotopic compositions of lavas from magmatic arcs worldwide suggest common processes at work that lead to the retention of isotopically heavy Li in the mantle. Samples from this study derive from the ...
• ICOSAHEDRAL DOMAIN STRUCTURE OF FRAMBOIDAL PYRITE 

  Ohfuji H.; Akai J. (2002)

  A new type of frambiodal pyrite, with icosahedral domains, is described in this study. Examining the microcrystals on sections of framboids from various localities using a scanning electron microscope, we found pentagonal ...
• X-RAY SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF FLUIDS IN THE HYDROTHERMAL DIAMOND ANVIL CELL: THE HYDRATION STRUCTURE OF AQUEOUS LA3+ UP TO 300 °C AND 1600 BARS 

  Anderson A.J.; Jayanetti S.; Mayanovic R.A.; Bassett W.A.; Chou I.M. (2002)

  The first direct measurements are reported for the structure of the hydrated La3+ ion in an aqueous solution (containing 0.007 m La) over a range of temperatures from 25 to 300degreesC and pressures LIP to 1600 bars. The ...
• EFFECT OF SONIC AND ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF BASALT 

  Bartels K.S.; Furman T. (2002)

  Experiments were conducted to determine whether vibrations with frequencies in the sonic to ultrasonic range have any effect on the crystallization of basalt. One-atmosphere melting experiments were done at the QFM buffer ...
• DIRECT EFFECT OF ICE SHEETS ON TERRESTRIAL BICARBONATE, SULPHATE AND BASE CATION FLUXES DURING THE LAST GLACIAL CYCLE: MINIMAL IMPACT ON ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS 

  Tranter M.; Munhoven G.; Jones I.W.; Wadham J.L.; Huybrechts P.; Sharp M.J.; Brown G.H.; Hodson A.J.; Hodgkins R. (2002)

  Chemical erosion in glacial environments is normally a consequence of chemical weathering reactions dominated by sulphide oxidation linked to carbonate dissolution and the carbonation of carbonates and silicates. Solute ...
• A NEW EXTRACTION PROCEDURE FOR SIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE METALS IN REACTION PRODUCTS OF CLAYS AND INORGANIC SALTS 

  Colina F.G.; Esplugas S.; Costa J. (2002)

  Kaolin, a possible source of Al, may be reacted with inorganic acids or salts to form different Al salts that can be further processed to prepare metallic Al. Although the reaction of kaolin and acid in aqueous solution ...
• THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND STABILITY OF AIF-BEARING TITANITE CATIOSIO4-CA-ALFSIO4 

  Troitzsch U.; Ellis D.J. (2002)

  Calorimetric and experimental data on AlF-bearing titanite are presented that yield thermodynamic properties of CaAlFSiO4, as well as activity-composition relations of binary titanite CaTiOSiO4–CaAlFSiO4. The heat capacity ...
• DIFFUSIVE FRACTIONATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS DURING PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT OF MELT IN EARTH'S UPPER MANTLE 

  Van Orman J.A.; Grove T.L.; Shimizu N. (2002)

  We have developed a numerical model to investigate the importance of diffusive chemical fractionation during production and transport of melt in Earth’s upper mantle. The model incorporates new experimental data on the ...
• ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR VOLATILES: A CASE STUDY USING INTERMEDIATE (ANDESITIC) GLASSES 

  King P.L.; Vennemann T.W.; Holloway J.R.; Hervig R.L.; Lowenstern J.B.; Forneris J.F. (2002)

  Small-scale analyses of volatiles in minerals and glasses provide information on how volatiles influence high-temperature geologic processes and low-temperature alteration processes. Four techniques for determining the ...
• AGE OF THE EMEISHAN FLOOD MAGMATISM AND RELATIONS TO PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY EVENTS 

  Lo C.-H.; Chung S.-L.; Lee T.-Y.; Wu G. (2002)

  The Permian–Triassic (P–T) mass extinction, the greatest biological mortality event in the Earth’s history, was probably caused by dramatic and global forcing mechanisms such as the Siberian flood volcanism. Here we present ...
• USE OF THE SPINDLE STAGE FOR ORIENTATION OF SINGLE CRYSTALS FOR MICROXAS: ISOTROPY AND ANISOTROPY IN FE-XANES SPECTRA 

  Dyar M.D.; Gunter M.E.; Delaney J.S.; Lanzirotti A.; Sutton S.R. (2002)

  A new method has been developed to orient 50-100 μm size single crystals to obtain XANES or EXAFS spectra along any crystallographic orientation relative to a polarized synchrotron X-ray beam. The method uses a modified ...
• SYNTHESIS OF ENSTATITE SINGLE CRYSTALS AT HIGH PRESSURE 

  Stalder R. (2002)

  mm-sized crystals of enstatite were synthesized under H2O-saturated conditions at 25 kbar in a piston-cylinder apparatus. The bulk starting composition corresponded to enstatite, silica and water in the respective proportions ...

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