Abstract:
Autunite, Ca[(U02)(PO4)12(H20)11, is amongst the most abundant and widely distributed of the uranyl phosphate minerals, yet because of its pseudo-tetragonal symmetry and rapid dehydration in air, the details of its symmetry, stoichiometry, and structure were previously uncertain. The crystal structure of synthetic autunite was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to agreement indices R1 = 0.041, calculated for the 1497 unique observed reflections (lF0l greater than or equal to 4sigmaF), and wR2 = 0.119 for all data. Autunite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, Z = 4, a = 14.0135(6), b = 20.7121(8), c = 6.9959(3) A, V = 2030.55(15) A'. The structure contains the wellknown autunite type sheet with composition [(UO2)(PO4)]-, resulting from the sharing of equatorial vertices of the uranyl square bipyramids with the phosphate tetrahedra. The calcium atom in the interlayer is coordinated by seven H20 groups and two longer distances to uranyl apical 0 atoms. Two symmetrically independent H20 groups are held in the structure only by hydrogen bonding. Bond-length-constrained refinement provided a crystal-chemically reasonable description of the hydrogen bonding.
