The HS2-NUVEL1 model being used for current plate velocities relative to hotspots is shown to be generally inconsistent with the observed hotspot data sampled from non-Pacific regions. Instead, we determine the T22A model, ...

We have developed a finite element model of convection in a spherical, axisymmetric shell that we use to simulate upwelling thermal plumes in the mantle. The finite element method provides the flexibility to include realistic ...

On the basis of different proportions and chemical compositions of shield and post-shield magmas, three types of oceanic intraplate volcanism appear to exist. The average SiO2 contents of primitive melts of most Pacific ...